Author: Findpros

Stone Calculator

Posted on by Findpros

Stone Calculator

Calculate the amount of stone or crushed stone you need in tons and cubic yards by entering the dimensions below. Estimate material using length/width/depth, area, or volume.

  • By
    FindPros

    FindPros connects consumers with professionals in over 600 different categories.

  • Reviewed by
    Jacky L.

    FindPros connects consumers with professionals in over 600 different categories.

Calculate Material Using Project Dimensions

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Optionally enter the price per ton or cubic yard

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Calculate Material Using Area and Depth

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Find area Using our square footage calculator

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Calculate Material Using Volume

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Find volume Using our cubic yards calculator

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Result:
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{{cubic_yards}}
{{cubic_meter}}

Cost

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How Much Stone Do You Need?

To find out how much stone you need, you’ll first need to calculate the volume needed in cubic yards. You can do this using the classic volume formula and a few simple steps.

First, measure the length, width, and depth of the space in feet, then multiply them together to calculate the volume in cubic feet. Then, divide by 27 to get cubic yards. You can use a length converter to convert to feed if needed.

cubic feet = Lft × Wft × Dft cubic yards = cubic feet ÷ 27

If you are measuring the depth in inches, you can also measure the length and width in inches as well. Multiply the length, width, and depth together to calculate cubic inches, and divide by 46,660 to get the cubic yards.

cubic inches = Lin × Win × Din cubic yards = cubic inches ÷ 46,660


Next, calculate the amount of stone you need in tons by multiplying the volume by the density of the stone material. Crushed stone or gravel smaller than 2″ weighs 1.4 to 1.7 tons per cubic yard, while larger stone usually weighs 1.5 to 1.7 tons per cubic yard.

Below are the most common weights in tons per cubic yard for varying sizes and types of popular stones. Smaller rocks and rounded, smooth rocks may settle and give you more per cubic yard, while rough rocks and larger stones may give you less per cubic yard.

Stone Material Tons per Cubic Yard
Crushed Stone 1/4″ – 2″ 1.4 – 1.7
Crushed Stone 2″ – 6″ 1.5 – 1.7
Cobblestones 4″ – 8″ 1.3 – 1.6
Rip Rap 6″ – 9″ 1.7 – 2
Lava Rock 3/8″ – 2″ 0.65 – 0.9
Boulders 1 – 1.5

Tons per cubic yard for various types of stones

If you are calculating crushed stone for example, you would use the following formula:

amount of stone = cubic yards × 1.7

Thus, the amount of stone needed is equal to the volume in cubic yards times 1.7. You can also use our gravel calculator to find out how much gravel you need.

For other materials, check out our sand, soil, and mulch calculators.

Frequently Asked Questions

Gravel is one type of crushed stone used in landscaping. However, there are many other types of stone as well, measuring both smaller and larger than gravel, that may have different looks and uses.

This depends largely on the stone, the supplier, and how much you are purchasing. Some types of stone, like lava rock, may be sold by the yard, while boulders may be sold individually; most suppliers will sell large amounts of material by the ton, however.

This depends on the look you want to achieve. Boulders can be used for definition, while lava rock can be used as mulch, and cobblestones can make smooth walkways; all work well in landscaping.

Mulch is better at holding moisture in the ground, while some types of stone may be better for drainage and stopping erosion. Both can be useful in many landscaping practices.

Recommended Landscaping Resources

Soil Calculator

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Soil Calculator

Calculate the soil, topsoil, or fill dirt needed by entering the length, width, and depth of the space you want to fill. Read below for more details.

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    FindPros connects consumers with professionals in over 600 different categories.

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Find area using our square footage calculator

How Much Soil You Need:
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{{cubic_meters}}
{{liters}}

Number of Soil Bags

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Material Weight (dry, loose or packed)

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Material Weight (wet)

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How Much Topsoil Do You Need?


When you are creating or refreshing a garden or other landscape feature, often you want to add new topsoil to the area. And, in the case of new raised beds, you might need enough new soil to fill your new box completely.

New soil gives your plants the nutrients, air circulation, and water drainage that they require to thrive.

Estimating the amount of soil needed for a garden
To achieve that balance, it’s a good idea to mix soil, compost, and potting blends for the best plant growth. Generally, a good proportion is 60% topsoil, 30% compost, and 10% potting mix if you are growing flowers, 20% compost and 70% topsoil if planting vegetables, or 10% compost if planting trees.

You may also need fill-dirt for landscaping projects and hardscapes, which is used to fill in large volumes. This may be leveling off an area or securing the area around a retaining wall.

Steps to Measure for Soil
  1. Using a tape measure, measure the length and width of the area(s) you want to fill. It’s best to write these numbers down.
  2. If the space is complex, break the area into smaller, regularly shaped sections, like in the diagram below. Then measure each section separately.
  3. Decide on the depth of the new soil that you want. For refreshing gardens, usually, 3-6 inches (76-152 mm) of new soil is sufficient. If you have a hard border or a raised bed, measure the depth of the partition. Remember that soil will settle, so be a little generous with this measurement.
  4. By far, the easiest way to calculate quantities is to use the soil calculator above! Enter your measurements, hit calculate, and it’s all worked out for you: cubic feet, yards, even the number of bags. And metric too.

Sometimes topsoil and compost are sold by weight, which varies depending on what the material is. In the US, a 40-pound bag measures between 0.5 and 0.75 cubic feet. The soil calculator bag estimation is based on 0.75 cubic feet per bag.

Steps to Calculate Soil Volume

If you want to do the calculations by hand, then skip Step 4 above, and do the following:

  1. Make sure all measurements are in the same units (usually inches or centimeters). The following calculation will use inches as an example to translate into cubic feet.
  2. Multiply your length, width, and depth in inches together to find your total cubic inches (length × width × depth). Divide this by 1,728 to find the volume in cubic feet.
  3. If you’re measuring multiple sections, add the volumes for each together.
  4. The result is the minimum volume of soil required for your project. You will need to figure the number of bags depending on what size you buy.


No matter how you get your total, you should consider buying in bulk by the cubic yard (or cubic meter) if you need a lot of material. The calculator above provides this volume for you.

For hand calculators, divide your total cubic feet by 27 (3×3×3) to get cubic yards.

Be sure to check your calculations and confirm your measurements using a cubic yards calculator. Give this number to your supplier, who will usually deliver the soil to your location for a small fee.

Soon your plants will be enjoying their new environment, and you will be enjoying your happy plants!

Check out our mulch calculator to estimate mulch for your garden bed, or see our gravel calculator to estimate stone, gravel, and other landscaping materials.

At this point, you still might be wondering just how much is a yard of dirt?

How Much is a Yard of Dirt?

One cubic yard is equal to a space that is one yard wide, one yard long, and one yard deep. The table below shows the size of the space equal to one cubic yard of soil in other units of measurement.

1 cu yd = 1 yd x 1 yd x 1 yd
1 cu yd = 3 ft x 3 ft x 3 ft
1 cu yd = 36 in x 36 in x 36 in
1 cu yd = 0.9144 m x 0.9144 m x 0.9144 m
1 cu yd = 91.44 cm x 91.44 cm x 91.44 cm

Measurements in various units of a space with the volume of one cubic yard of soil.

How to Estimate Soil in Tons

You can calculate how much soil you need in tons by multiplying its density, which is the weight of one yard of soil by the volume, which is the number of yards you need.

How Much Does a Yard of Topsoil Weigh?

So, how much does a cubic yard of dirt weigh? One yard of dry or loose soil weighs 1.0 – 1.3 tons, while one yard of wet or compacted soil weighs 1.5 – 1.7 tons.

Calculate the Total Weight

Once you know the density and total volume, use the following formula to calculate how much soil you need in tons.

weight (tons) = volume (yds) × density (tons/yd)

Thus, the amount of soil needed in tons is equal to the volume in yards times the density.

You might also be interested in our stone and sand calculators for more landscaping material estimates.

How to Calculate Soil Amendment

If you have had your soil tested and you need to amend the pH to better accommodate the types of plants you are growing, you will need to determine the correct amount of amendment to add to the soil.

Soil pH is the measurement of acidity or alkalinity in the soil on a scale of 1 – 14, with 7 being neutral. Because different plants require different pH measurements, you may need to amend your soil for the best growth.

Calculating Soil Amendment by Weight

Some soil amendments are calculated by weight, or the number of pounds of amendment needed for 100 square feet. To calculate this, multiply the length and width of the space in feet to find the square footage.

Next, you’ll need to get the amendment’s application rate, which can be found on the packaging. This is usually given in pounds per 100 square feet.

For example, for a 350 square-foot garden and an amendment rate of 2 pounds per 100 square feet, you would need 7 pounds of amendment using this calculation:

2 lbs ÷ 100 sq ft × 350 sq ft = 7 lbs
Calculating Soil Amendment by Volume

If the amendment is being added in large volumes, such as compost, that you may be purchasing by the yard, you will use a different calculation. For this, you need to know the number of total inches you want to apply converted into feet.

Next, multiply this by the number of square feet in your garden, then divide by 27 to get the total number of cubic yards of amendment required.

For example, for a 350 square-foot garden and a 3″ amendment, you would need 3.24 cubic yards of amendment using this calculation:

350 × 3/12′ = 87.5 cu ft
87.5 cu ft ÷ 27 = 3.24 cu yds

You can round up to ensure you have enough material for the garden, even if settlement occurs.

Frequently Asked Questions

This actually depends on the seller. Some will specify by the cubic yard, while others will specify by the ton; you can use the number of cubic yards you need to determine the number of tons if needed.

Topsoil is defined in the landscaping industry as soil that has been screened. The screening removes debris, pebbles, and large clumps to create an even texture.

While the terms may be used interchangeably at times, these are different things. Dirt is organic matter that includes sand, clay, pebbles, and rocks, but no nutrients or microorganisms that can help plants grow, while soil contains decomposed bedrock along with ecosystems made up of microorganisms and insects.

Not necessarily. Amendment can help correct the pH of your soil if it’s not right for the type of plants that you want to grow; you need to have your soil tested to find out its current pH before you know whether or not to amend it.

Soil is made up of a blend of decomposed materials and elements, including bedrock, along with living microorganisms, insects, and nutrients. Different types of soil may have different chemical make-ups, but each one is considered a living ecosystem that can help plants grow.

Recommended Landscaping Resources

Sod Weight Calculator

Posted on by Findpros

Sod Weight Calculator

Calculate the weight of a sod order by entering the number of pallets below.

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How to Calculate Sod Weight

Are you planning on ordering and transporting a shipment of sod? If so, you might be wondering how much sod weighs.

How Much Does a Pallet of Sod Weigh?

One pallet of sod generally weighs 1,500 to 3,000 pounds, but that can vary depending on the moisture content, thickness of soil in the roll or slab, amount on the pallet, and the variety of grass.

So, using the weight per pallet, you can calculate the weight of sod by multiplying that by the number of pallets. Use our sod calculator to figure out how many pallets you’ll need.

total weight = weight per pallet × number of pallets

Keep in mind that this is only an estimate of the weight, and the actual weight could far exceed this if the sod has a very high moisture content.

Weight of sod rolls, slabs, and pallets

Roll (10 sq ft) 35 – 45 lbs
Roll (5 sq ft) 15 – 30 lbs
Pallet (500 sq ft) 1,500 – 3,000 lbs

For large loads like this, be sure to use safe loading and transportation practices and ensure your vehicle can properly handle the weight of the load.

Many sod farms also offer a delivery service, which can range in cost. Learn more about lawn project costs on our sod cost guide.

Recommended Landscaping Resources

Sod Calculator

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Sod Calculator

Enter the size of your lawn to estimate how much sod you need, and add the price per roll to estimate how much it will cost.

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    FindPros connects consumers with professionals in over 600 different categories.

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    FindPros connects consumers with professionals in over 600 different categories.

Lawn Size:

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Optionally enter the price per roll of sod – average is $3 to $5 per roll.

$
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Find square feet or acres

Optionally enter the price per roll of sod – average is $3 to $5 per roll.

$
Sod Estimate:
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Total Area

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Cost

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${{ cost_square_feet}}
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How to Estimate Sod for Your Lawn

Growing a lawn from seed is very economical, but can be tricky and time-consuming as well. If you are considering seeding your lawn, you can use our grass seed calculator to help find the right quantities.

If you don’t want to wait for seeds to take root, or to deal with the potential issues they can have, however, laying sod can be a great alternative. Sod provides many advantages over direct seeding, making it an attractive option for many projects.

Perhaps the greatest advantage of sod is that it provides an instant lawn. You don’t have to wait for the right season for planting, worry about germination and growth, or contend with competition from weeds.

You can install sod in nearly any season as long as the ground is not frozen and you don’t expect a hard, deep freeze for at least three weeks. As long as the sod is delivered fully mature and weed-free, it can take root fairly quickly in all climates.

Establishing sod uses less water than growing seed, too, which is good for the environment and your pocketbook. Finally, sod is fast to lay down, giving you beautiful landscaping in a matter of hours instead of months.

Steps to Calculate Sod

To calculate how much sod you need, you need to know how big the area is that you want to cover. Measure the length and width of the area in feet. Plug those numbers into the calculator above and let it do the work for you.

If you know the acreage you are covering, you can use that number as well. If your area is irregular in shape, measure it in smaller, regularly shaped areas, calculate each of them separately, then add the results together.

If you already have a specific type of sod in mind and know the price, insert that price into the calculator for a more accurate estimate of the cost. If not, learn more about how much sod costs. The calculator above instantly tells you how much sod you need in rolls and pallets, plus the approximate cost.

If you prefer to calculate by hand, do the following:

  1. Calculate the square footage of the lawn for new turf.
    • Measure the length and width of the area.
    • Multiply them together to obtain sq. ft.
    • If needed, use our acreage calculator to find the size of your lawn.
  2. Divide the square footage result by 10 (most rolls cover ten sq. ft.) to obtain the number of rolls of turf needed.
  3. If ordering by the pallet, divide the number of rolls needed by 45 to obtain the number of pallets needed.
  4. Multiply the number of rolls or pallets by the price of the sod you desire to obtain the total cost of your lawn.
Example Sod Calculation

Suppose you have a new yard that is 0.13 acres that you want to sod in Kentucky Bluegrass, which costs $4 per roll in your area.

0.13 acres × 43,560 sq. ft. = 5,662.8 sq. ft.
5,662.8 sq. ft. ÷ 10 = 567 rolls (10 ft. sq. rolls)
567 rolls ÷ 45 rolls/pallet = 12.6 pallets or 12 pallets + 27 rolls
Cost = 567 rolls × $4 = $2,268

Sizes of Sod Rolls & Slabs

Sod comes in pre-cut rectangles that are stacked or rolled. The size of the rectangle depends on what type of machine the grower used to harvest it.

The rectangles can range from 16″ to 24″ wide for “rolls” and up to 4′ wide for “slabs.” Lengths vary as well and can range from 3½’ to 6′ long.

Follow the example above to calculate the number of rolls by dividing the total square footage by the square feet per roll.

How Much Sod is on a Pallet?

Sod is usually sold by the pallet, so it’s a good idea to estimate quantities by the pallet, especially for larger projects.

In most cases, there are 450 – 500 square feet of sod on a pallet. Each pallet has 60 rolls or 100 slabs of sod.

If your turf supplier uses non-standard sizes, they will be able to give the coverage of a roll or slab in square feet.

Tips for Buying Sod

For very small areas, you can buy sod by the roll. But, if you have more than 400 square feet, consider buying it by the pallet. Your supplier will usually deliver it for a small fee.

If you are contemplating transporting sod yourself, bear in mind that one pallet weighs 1,500 lbs and 3,000 lbs, depending on the moisture content. Ensure that your truck or trailer is capable of handling this load safely.

Tips for Laying Sod

You must lay sod on tilled, leveled soil. It’s common to till the current soil about 6″ to 8″ down. Once tilled, you should check the pH of your soil; if the soil is too acidic or alkaline for the grass you want to lay, it may not take.

Therefore, you may need to amend the soil. It’s common to spread 2″ to 3″ of compost on the tilled soil to help amend it if necessary. It’s also common to put down a fresh bed of topsoil, or soil that has been screened to remove impurities and break up clumps.

You can use our soil calculator to help you calculate the amount of compost or topsoil you will need.

Once laid, it’s also common to fertilize and water your sod to help it start out healthy. If after it’s had a chance to begin to root, you find some areas that are sparse, yellow, or that didn’t take, you can overseed these areas with the same type of grass to help replenish them.

Contractors can help you with soil, grass variety choices, delivery, and installation. You can use our contractor locator tool to help you find local contractors willing to give you a free estimate for your project.

Our lawn mowing calculator will help you estimate how long it will take to mow your new lawn. Enjoy your new lawn!

Recommended Landscaping Resources

Sand Calculator

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Sand Calculator

Calculate how much sand you need by entering the dimensions and material type below.

  • By
    FindPros

    FindPros connects consumers with professionals in over 600 different categories.

  • Reviewed by
    Jacky L.

    FindPros connects consumers with professionals in over 600 different categories.

Calculate Material Using Project Dimensions

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Optionally enter the price per ton or cubic yard

$
Please enter valid price.

Calculate Material Using Area and Depth

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Find area Using our square footage calculator

Optionally enter the price per ton or cubic yard

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Value should be positive.

Find volume Using our cubic yards calculator

Optionally enter the price per ton or cubic yard

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Results:
{{tons_min}} – {{tons_max}}
{{cubic_yards}}
{{cubic_meter}}

Total cost:

{{cost}}

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How to Calculate Sand

If you’re planning a landscaping project, you might be asking yourself, how much sand do I need? To calculate sand for a project, follow these easy steps.

Step One: Calculate Volume in Yards

The first step to calculating sand is to estimate the volume of material needed in cubic yards. Measure the length, width, and depth of the area you need to fill in the same unit of measurement.

This can be inches or feet; the depth of the sand will likely determine which measurement is easier for you to work with.

Then, multiply the length, width, and depth together to find the volume.

For example, if you are filling a playground area that is 120″ long, 140″ wide, and 10″ deep, then you will have a volume in cubic inches of 168,000 cubic inches.

volume = 120″ × 168″ × 10″ = 168,000 cu in

If you are filling an area that is 10′ long, 15′ wide, and 1′ deep, you are filling an area that has 150 cubic feet.

volume = 10′ × 15′ × 1′ = 150 cu ft

Cubic Yards Formula Using Inches

There are 46,656 cubic inches in a cubic yard, so if you measured in inches, then divide the volume measurement by 46,656 to get cubic yards.

cubic yards = cubic inches ÷ 46,656

Cubic Yards Formula Using Feet

There are 27 cubic feet in a cubic yard, so if you measured in feet, then divide the volume measurement by 27 to get cubic yards.

cubic yards = cubic feet ÷ 27

You can also just use our cubic yardage calculator to easily calculate this.

Step Two: Calculate Sand in Tons

Now that you know how much sand you need in cubic yards, you can find the weight in tons by multiplying that by the material density.

How Much Does a Yard of Sand Weigh?
The density of sand varies depending on the size of the grains and its moisture content, which affects the weight. Dry sand weighs 1.3 to 1.5 tons per cubic yard, while damp sand weighs 1.5 to 1.7 tons per cubic yard.

Having more earth, soil, or clay in the mix will increase the weight per yard as well.

Finer sand will also have a higher weight per yard, while coarser sand will have a lower weight per yard. The larger the grains of sand, the lighter your total volume will ultimately be.

Cubic Yards to Tons Formula
Using the volume in cubic yards and the weight of sand per yard, use the following formula to find how much you need:

sand (tons) = sand (yds) × density (tons/yd)

Thus, the amount of sand needed in tons is equal to the volume in yards times the density.

Use our gravel, stone, and soil calculators to estimate other landscaping materials.

Sand and Landscaping Material Weight

Refer to the chart below for the weight of sand, gravel, and other landscaping material.

Material Weight per Cubic Yard Weight per Cubic Meter
Pounds Tons Kilograms Metric Tons
Sand (dry) 2,600 – 3,000 lbs 1.3 – 1.5 tons 1,540 – 1,780 kg 1.54 – 1.78 tonnes
Sand (wet) 3,000 – 3,400 lbs 1.5 – 1.7 tons 1,780 – 2,020 kg 1.78 – 2.02 tonnes
Gravel (¼” – 2″) 2,800 – 3,400 lbs 1.4 – 1.7 tons 1,660 – 2,020 kg 1.66 – 2.02 tonnes
Topsoil (dry) 2,000 – 2,600 lbs 1 – 1.3 tons 1,190 – 1,540 kg 1.19 – 1.54 tonnes
Topsoil (wet) 3,000 – 3,400 lbs 1.5 – 1.7 tons 1,780 – 2,020 kg 1.78 – 2.02 tonnes

Weight per cubic yard and cubic meter of sand, gravel, and soil

How to Account for Overage

Sand is a loose material that can shift, move, and migrate easily. The finer the sand, the more likely it is to move or migrate as well. This means that during the transport or moving of the sand from the truck to the final site, you may experience some material loss.

In addition, the sand may settle slightly over time, and depending on the area being filled, there can sometimes be unseen voids that will absorb added material.

To account for these issues, it is recommended that you increase the amount of material you need by 10% to make sure you have enough for your project. If your project calls for 10 tons of sand, it is best to order 11 tons to account for these potential losses.

Frequently Asked Questions

Sand classifications can be done by size or origin, with sand being classified by size as fine (0.075 to 0.425 mm), medium (0.425 to 2 mm), and coarse (2.0 to 4.75 mm). If classified by origin, sand is classified as pit, river, sea, and manufactured.

Yes, the finer the grain of sand you purchase, the heavier the material will be by volume.

You can purchase it by either, but this will depend on the supplier. In most instances, bulk orders will be by the ton and small amounts by the yard.

Sand has a lot of uses, including creating a base for a playground area, filling the spaces between patio pavers or bricks, adding weight to objects, or filtering water and assisting with drainage. Sand can also be added to other materials, including concrete, grout, and paint to add texture and durability.

Recommended Landscaping Resources

Retaining Wall Calculator

Posted on by Findpros

Retaining Wall Calculator

Calculate how many retaining wall blocks you’ll need and how much base and backfill gravel is required to build a wall. Optionally enter the price per block to get a cost estimate.

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Wall Dimensions

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Block Dimensions

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Optionally enter the price per block

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Cap Block Dimensions (optional)

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Optionally enter the price per cap block

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Wall Block Material Estimate:
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{{total_cap_blocks}}
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Estimated Material Cost

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${{total_cost_cap_blocks}}
${{total_cost_base_gravel}}
${{total_cost_backfill_gravel}}
$ {{estimated_total_cost}}

Installation Overview:

$ {{wall_area}}
$ {{wall_width }}
$ {{wall_height}}

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How to Calculate Block Retaining Wall Materials

Retaining walls can be built for a variety of purposes, but most are used to help hold back soil or water. They can be simple or complex depending on their size and what they are being used to contain.

This calculator estimates the most popular materials for creating aesthetic retaining walls – concrete blocks, cinder blocks, and decorative blocks that are designed to be used as a dry stack wall without mortar.

To estimate block retaining wall materials using the calculator above, enter the wall’s width and height and the preferred block dimensions.

If you’re using a different block style for the cap row, then enter those dimensions separately to get a separate estimate for the cap blocks. You can also add the price per block to estimate the retaining wall cost.

How to Estimate Block Walls With Patterns

Keep in mind that retaining wall blocks can be purchased in grouped patterns. Meaning that the walls may be made of blocks of three sizes designed to be used together in one pattern. If this is the case for the wall you are estimating, you will need to add the width of the blocks together.

The depth and height of the blocks should be the same; it’s only the width that typically differs. So, if the blocks have widths of 6 inches, 8 inches, and 4 inches, you will enter the block width of 18 inches into the calculator.

Because the blocks are grouped, your results will give you the number of “grouped” blocks to purchase. If the blocks are all one size, you can simply enter their dimensions as is.

Keep reading to learn the formulas to calculate retaining wall materials yourself.

Note: Estimating material for concrete block walls that are mortared is a bit different from a dry stack block wall. If you’re building a mortared concrete block wall, then try our concrete block calculator. If you are using concrete blocks without mortar, this calculator can be used to get you the results you need.

How Many Retaining Wall Blocks Do You Need

To estimate the total number of retaining wall blocks, you’ll first need to calculate the number of rows and columns needed for the wall.

Step One: Take Measurements for the Wall

Start by measuring the wall’s width and height. Most experts suggest embedding the first course of blocks below grade about 10% of the wall height to support it correctly.

For example, if the desired wall height is 6 feet, you should embed it below grade by 7-8 inches. Be sure to account for this when measuring the wall height.

Step Two: Calculate the Rows and Columns

Divide the wall’s width in inches by the block width and round up; this is the number of columns. Divide the wall’s height in inches by the block height and round up; this is the number of rows.

For example, if your wall is 3 feet high and 30 feet long using blocks that are 6 inches high and 10 inches wide, then you will have 6 rows and 36 columns.

Formulas to Calculate Rows & Columns
wall columns =
wall width
block width
wall rows =
wall height
block height
Step Three: Calculate the Retaining Wall Blocks Needed

To find the total number of blocks needed for the wall, multiply the number of columns by the number of rows; don’t forget to subtract a row if using cap blocks.

Formula to Calculate Blocks
total blocks = rows × columns
Calculate Cap Blocks

If the top row will be a cap block, then the number of cap blocks needed is equal to the number of columns found above, as long as the cap blocks have the same width as the field blocks. Otherwise, you will need to calculate those separately.

Estimating Wall Square Footage

Some blocks are sold by the square foot rather than by the block. Others may be sold by the pallet, with a set number of square feet per pallet. This is particularly true if you are purchasing a block material that is arranged in a pattern or that may have varying colors of blocks.

Therefore, you will need to get the total square footage of the wall you intend to build. For this, you will need the width and height of the wall in feet or inches. This should be the total height of the wall, including any block material that will be used below grade.

Multiply these two measurements together. If you are using feet, the resulting number will be your total square feet for the wall. If you are using inches, divide this number by 144 to get the total square feet. Round up to the nearest full pattern or pallet being sold.

Retaining Wall Estimation Tips

When ordering supplies, it’s a good idea to plan for additional retaining wall materials, including blocks and cap blocks to account for waste or bad material. We suggest ordering an extra 10% of materials to accommodate this, but the project’s complexity might require more or less.

Don’t forget to account for embedding the first course of blocks below grade when measuring the desired wall height. Accounting for this from the start will ensure that the wall does not end up too short.

If the wall is too high, you may need to embed it deeper in the ground to reach the desired height; this requires a little more digging but is otherwise ok. See our retaining wall cost guide to find the average price of a retaining wall.

Keep in mind that unless you are using structural or mortared blocks, most dry stack walls can only achieve total heights of 3 to 6 feet safely. If you are making a decorative, freestanding wall that is not holding back soil, most dry stack walls can only achieve 3 feet in height as the maximum.

How to Estimate Base Gravel

Most experts suggest embedding the retaining wall below grade on a level base of 6″ compacted gravel or stone. They also suggest making the base twice as wide as the block depth to account for settling.

The calculator accounts for this in the material estimate, but you can also use our gravel calculator to estimate gravel for the project.

Keep in mind that compacted gravel can lose as much as 20% of its initial volume. 6″ of loose gravel may compact down to 4.8″, so it is recommended that you purchase an additional 20% of gravel when compacting to account for this loss.

To calculate the gravel needed in cubic yards for a 6″ base, use the following formula keeping all dimensions in inches:

cu yds = (wall depth × 2) × wall width × 6″ ÷ 46,656

Be sure to add an additional 20% of gravel to account for compaction.

How to Estimate Backfill Gravel

The retaining wall should have 12″ of gravel immediately behind the entire wall to allow for proper drainage. The calculator above will estimate this, or you can use our cubic yards calculator to calculate this separately.

When backfilling with gravel, keep in mind that there may be voids that are difficult to measure for, so it is recommended that you add an additional 10% to this number to account for any voids.

Don’t forget that you’ll also want to consider adding a layer of landscape fabric between the stone backfill and the earth behind it to prevent the dirt from filling the pores of the gravel, making it less effective. Be sure to get this when purchasing material.

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Pool Volume Calculator

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Pool Volume Calculator

Calculate how many gallons or liters of water are needed to fill a swimming pool by selecting the pool shape and size below.

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How to Calculate Pool Volume

If you’re here, then there’s a good chance you’re trying to find the size of your pool in gallons or trying to figure out how much water is needed to fill it. Keep reading to see the volume formulas for various pool shapes.

How to Calculate Rectangular Pool Volume

You can find the volume of a rectangular swimming pool in gallons by multiplying the length by the width by the average depth in feet by 7.48. The formula to find pool volume in gallons is thus:

volume = length × width × depth × 7.48

The first part of this formula determines the volume of water in cubic feet. The second part converts cubic feet to gallons; there are 7.48 gallons of water per cubic foot of water.

Most pools have varying depths that slope from shallow to deeper. To accurately find the volume of water, you’ll need to estimate the average depth. To find the average depth add the shallow depth with the deep depth, then divide by 2, e.g. (shallow + deep) ÷ 2.

For instance, if your pool’s deep end is 12 feet and the shallow end is 4 feet, your average depth will be 8 feet.

If you have an L, T, or stepped-shaped pool, you can use the same basic formula to calculate your volume. You will need to treat each section of the pool separately, then add them together at the end for the total volume.

For example, if your L-shaped pool has one section that is 20 feet long and 10 feet wide with an average depth of 8 feet, and a second section that is 10 feet long and 10 feet wide, with an average depth of 6 feet, you will calculate the volume like this:

20′ × 10′ × 8′ × 7.48 = 11,968 gallons
10′ × 10′ × 6′ × 7.48 = 4,680 gallons
11,968 + 4,680 = 16,648 total gallons

If your pool is triangular in shape or has a triangular section, the triangular area can be found by multiplying length × width and then multiplying the result by 1/2.

For example, you can calculate the number of gallons for a triangular shaped pool that has a length of 20 feet and a width of 10 feet with an average depth of 6 feet will have a formula to calculate the number of gallons like this:

20′ × 10′ × 1/2 × 6′ × 7.48 = 4,488 gallons

How to Calculate Circular Pool Volume

You can calculate the volume of a circular swimming pool by multiplying 3.14 times the radius squared times 7.48. Thus, the formula is:

volume = πr2 × average depth × 7.48

The first part of this formula (πr2) determines the area, and multiplying by the depth finds the volume. Multiplying by 7.48 finds the gallons of water per cubic foot of water.

Your pool’s radius is 1/2 of the diameter. So if your pool is 10 feet wide, the radius is 5 feet.

To get the radius squared, multiply 5 feet by 5 feet, giving you 25 feet. If your average depth is 4 feet, then your volume formula will look like:

3.14(π) × 25′(r2) × 4′ × 7.48 = 2,349 gallons
How to Calculate Oval Pool Volume

You can calculate the volume of an oval swimming pool by multiplying the length times the width in feet times 3.14 divided by 4 times the average depth in feet times 7.48. The formula is:

volume = length × width × π ÷ 4 × depth × 7.48

The first part of this formula (length × width × π ÷ 4) determines the area, and multiplying by the depth finds the volume. Again, multiplying by 7.48 determines how many gallons of water are in the pool.

Like a rectangular pool, the average depth can be found by adding the shallow and deep depths and then dividing by 2.

How to Calculate Irregular Oblong or Kidney-Shaped Pool Volume

Calculating the volume of an oblong or kidney-shaped pool is a little more complicated. Begin by getting the total length of the pool, and the width of both its ends.

You will add together the width of both ends, so if your pool has an end that is 10 feet wide and an end that is 6 feet wide, you will have a total width of 16 feet for the purposes of this calculation.

Calculate the volume of the pool by multiplying the length in feet times your total, added width (the shorter width in feet + the longer width in feet) times 0.45 times the average depth in feet times 7.48.

volume = length × (short width + the long width) × 0.45 × depth × 7.48

The first part (length × (short width + long width) × 0.45) is used to find the area, and then the volume is found by multiplying by the depth. Like before, multiplying by 7.48 finds the number of gallons in the pool.

For example, for a pool that is 20 feet long with an added width of 18 feet and an average depth of 8 feet, your formula will look like:

20′ × 18′ × 0.45 × 8′ × 7.48 = 9,694 gallons

Weights and Measures

To find pool volume in liters, you can use our gallons to liters unit conversion calculator or multiply the gallons by 3.79 – the number of liters in one gallon.

To find the weight in pounds of the water in the pool, you can multiply the number of gallons by 8.33, or use our water weight calculator.

One cubic foot of water is 12″ wide × 12″ long × 12″ deep and weighs 62.4 pounds.

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Plant and Flower Calculator

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Plant and Flower Calculator

Estimate the number of plants or flowers needed to fill a landscape bed by entering the size of the bed and the desired plant spacing. The calculator will show the number of plants needed using various layout patterns.

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How to Calculate How Many Plants You Need

The first step to finding how many plants or flowers you need is to select a pattern you would like to use when planting them and choose the spacing between each plant. Plants may be put in a rectangular or a triangular grid and estimating the plants needed for each pattern is a bit different.

Rectangular Planting Grid

To plant flowers in a rectangular pattern, place each in parallel rows and columns in a grid. Start by dividing the landscape bed into squares that are the width and length of the desired spacing, then add a plant at each corner of the square.

To estimate how many plants are needed, find the number of rows and columns and determine the spacing between each.

Steps to Estimate Plant Spacing for a Rectangular Grid

First, measure the landscape bed length and width in inches. Use our feet to inches conversion tool to convert a measurement in feet to inches.

Divide the width by the spacing to get the number of columns then divide the length by the spacing to get the number of rows.

Finally, multiply the rows by the columns to find the number of plants needed.

Triangle Planting Grid

Planting flowers in a triangle pattern is a little bit different. It involves offsetting each row so that the plants are at a 45° angle to each other.

To plant using the triangle pattern, divide the landscape bed into a series of equilateral triangles with the edges of the triangle the desired spacing. The rows will be offset or shifted by about half of the spacing length and will be closer together since the spacing will be at an angle.

Steps to Estimate Plant Spacing for a Triangle Grid

To estimate the number of plants needed, measure the length and width of the landscape bed in inches.

Then, divide the width by the plant spacing to find the number of columns.

Since the plants are at an angle to each other, the spacing between the rows will be shorter. Use the following formula to find the spacing between rows:

row spacing = (plant spacing ÷ 2) × √3

To find the number of rows simply divide the length by the row spacing.

Finally, multiply the number of rows by the number of columns to find how many plants are needed.

Check out our soil calculator to estimate soil for your plantings and our mulch calculator to find how much mulch you need for your landscaping.

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Mulch Calculator

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Mulch Calculator

Calculate how much mulch you need by entering the size of the landscaping area and the depth of fill. Get results in cubic feet, cubic yards, and the number of bags of mulch needed.

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How to Calculate How Much Mulch You Need

Adding mulch is a great way to refresh a landscaping bed and prevent weed growth. Mulch adds moisture to the soil and can help prevent soil erosion or compaction over time.

Because mulch is lightweight and organic, it may break down or migrate over time. When this happens, you may need to refresh your mulch bed by adding more.

The easiest way to calculate mulch coverage is to use the calculator above since it takes all the math and guesswork out of the process, but you can follow the steps below to calculate how much you need without a calculator.

Steps to Calculate Mulch

If you want to do the calculations yourself, you can estimate material in a few easy steps.

Step One: Measure the Landscaping Space

The first step to calculating how much mulch you need is to measure the space you want to cover. Use a tape measure to measure the length and width of the space.

Ensure all measurements are in the same unit of measure. Because the depth of the mulch will be in inches, it will be easiest if the length and width are also in inches; the measurements can be easily converted to feet and cubic yards later.

Step Two: Determine the Depth of the Mulch

Next, determine the depth of the mulch bed. The depth of the mulch can vary depending on the type that you use.

Fine mulch is only recommended to a depth of 1″ to 2″, while coarse mulch should be roughly 3″ to 4″ deep if you are layering the mulch around plants.

However, if you are using mulch to help prevent weed growth, you may go much deeper, particularly if you are worried about erosion or if you are mulching an area that will be walked on frequently and want a deeper base to prevent migration.

Step Three: Calculate the Volume of Mulch Needed

Once you have measured the space, it’s time to calculate the volume.

Multiply the length times the width to find the area of the space. If the landscape bed is complex, then split it up into manageable sections and measure each separately or use an area calculator.

Then, multiply the area by the depth. Remember to keep all measurements in the same unit of measure, so if the width and length are in inches, then multiply the area by the depth in inches.

Volume Formula

For a rectangular area, you can use the following formula to calculate the volume.

volume = length × width × depth
Step Four: Convert the Volume to Cubic Feet or Yards

The final step to calculating how much mulch you need is to convert the volume measurement to the unit of measure that the mulch is sold by if it isn’t already in the same unit of measure.

Mulch is usually sold in bulk by the cubic yard at most landscape suppliers, with smaller amounts also being sold by the bag.

When calculating volume, if all the measurements used are in feet, then the volume is in cubic feet. If the measurements were in inches, then the volume is in cubic inches.

Cubic Feet Formula

There are 1,728 cubic inches in a cubic foot, so if you measured in inches, divide the cubic inches measurement by 1,728 to get cubic feet.

cubic feet = cubic inches ÷ 1,728

Cubic Yards Formula

There are 46,656 cubic inches in a cubic yard, so divide the cubic inches measurement by 46,656 to get cubic yards.

cubic yards = cubic inches ÷ 46,656


You can also use our cubic yardage calculator to find the cubic yards using measurements in different units.

How Many Bags of Mulch Do You Need?

When buying it at the hardware store, home center, or local market, mulch is usually sold by the bag. Most bags hold two-cubic feet of mulch, but in some cases, they hold 3 cubic feet. The finer the mulch, the more volume that will likely be in the bag.

You’ll need 14 (2 cu ft) bags or 9 (3 cu ft) bags per cubic yard of mulch required. The table below shows how many bags you’ll need for each cubic yard required.

Number of bags of mulch equivalent to a cubic yard.

cubic yards 2 cu ft bags 3 cu ft bags
1 cu yd 14 bags 9 bags
2 cu yds 27 bags 18 bags
3 cu yds 41 bags 27 bags
4 cu yds 54 bags 36 bags
5 cu yds 68 bags 45 bags

Be sure to check out our soil calculator to calculate how much soil you need for a garden bed.

How to Account for Overage and Loss

Despite how heavy mulch can be in bulk, the individual pieces are lightweight and do tend to migrate and settle. When moving mulch by wheelbarrow, it’s common to lose some material through movement.

It’s also common to lose some mulch through simple errors as well as shifting and settlement. Therefore, it is generally recommended that you add another 10% to your total estimated volume, and if you are between bag numbers, that you round up rather than down.

Frequently Asked Questions

At three inches deep, one cubic yard of mulch will cover just over 100 square feet of landscaping. Refer to the table below to see how much a yard will cover at various depths.

Coverage of one cubic yard of mulch at various depths

mulch depth coverage per yard
1 inch 324 sq ft
2 inches 162 sq ft
3 inches 108 sq ft
4 inches 81 sq ft
5 inches 64 sq ft

This will vary depending on what you are using the mulch for and how coarse or fine the texture of the mulch is. 1″ to 2″ depth is recommended for fine mulch, while 3″ to 4″ depth is recommended for coarser material.

Each of these materials has their own attributes and properties that may make one the best fit for your project. Mulch adds moisture to the soil while also preventing erosion, which may make it a good fit for dryer landscaping than gravel or stone.

Depending on the moisture content, one cubic yard of mulch weighs 400 – 800 pounds. The type of material and the amount of moisture it contains will impact its weight.

On average, one 2 cu ft bag of mulch weighs 20 pounds, while one 3 cu ft bag of mulch weighs 30 pounds. The moisture content and type of material will also impact the weight of each bag.

Before purchasing mulch, do some research on the best type for your project. Backyard Boss explains that there are several types available, including standard garden, rubber, bark, hardwood, hemlock, and mulched leaves.[1]

Each type has a different look, so spend some time to find the right variety to complement your home and landscaping. Different types also cost more than others, which may be an important factor in your decision.

Each type has a different look, so spend some time to find the right variety to complement your home and landscaping. Different types also cost more than others, which may be an important factor in your decision.

If you are purchasing a lot of mulch, you may get a discount per yard if purchasing it in bulk. However, if you only need a small amount, bagged mulch may be more convenient.

Lawn Mowing Calculator

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Lawn Mowing Calculator

Estimate how long it will take to mow a lawn given a mower size, speed, and lawn size. Find how many acres per hour you can mow.

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How to Estimate the Time to Mow a Lawn

The time it takes to mow a lawn is determined by several factors including the size of the lawn, size of the mower, speed the mower is moving, and lawn conditions such as hills or obstacles.

Size of the Lawn

The property size greatly impacts how long it takes to mow. Larger lawns require more mowing time for obvious reasons. Find how large your lawn is in acres to help find how long it will take to cut.

Size of the Mower

The size of the mower deck impacts how long it will take to mow a lawn. A larger deck will allow the mower to cut a larger swath of grass in a single pass, allowing it to complete a lawn in a less time. Larger mowers have longer blades which require a larger engine and are typically more expensive.

How Fast Can You Mow

Some lawn mowers are designed to cut at a faster pace than others. The size of the engine greatly influences how fast it can move and how fast the blades can spin. It is important to have sharp blades and not push your mower by going too fast to get an even cut and avoid damage to the lawn.

Average Lawn Mower Speeds

The average speeds of common lawn mowers

Mower Type Speed
Push Mower 3 MPH
Lawn Tractor 3-5 MPH
Residential Zero-Turn 5-8 MPH
Commercial Zero-Turn 7-13 MPH
Lawn Conditions

The conditions of the lawn greatly impact how long it takes to mow. A yard with many curves, trees, hills, walls, and other obstacles will take much longer to mow than a square yard with no obstacles. It will be difficult to predict exactly how long these obstacles will slow mowing time, but keep in mind that the more there are the longer it will take.

Muddy or overgrown patches of lawn can also take longer to mow or work around. Use our grass seed calculator to estimate how much seed is required to fill in these areas with grass or our sod calculator to estimate sod needed.

Average Lawn Mowing Time

How long will it take to mow a 1 acre lawn with common lawn mower sizes

Mower Type Time per Acre
22 inch push mower 1 hour 39 minutes
30 inch push mower 1 hour 13 minutes
38 inch lawn tractor 34-57 minutes
42 inch lawn tractor 31-52 minutes
42 inch zero turn 19-26 minutes
46 inch lawn tractor 28-47 minutes
46 inch zero turn 17-23 minutes
54 inch lawn tractor 24-40 minutes
54 inch zero turn 15-20 minutes
66 inch zero turn 10-12 minutes
72 inch zero turn 9-11 minutes

Average Lawn Mowing Pace

Approximate pace of common lawn mower sizes

Mower Type Pace
22 inch push mower .6 acres per hour
30 inch push mower .75 acres per hour
38 inch lawn tractor 1-1.75 acres per hour
42 inch lawn tractor 1-1.9 acres per hour
42 inch zero turn 2.3-3.1 acres per hour
46 inch lawn tractor 1.2-2.1 acres per hour
46 inch zero turn 2.5-3.4 acres per hour
54 inch lawn tractor 1.5-2.5 acres per hour
54 inch zero turn 3-4 acres per hour
66 inch zero turn 4.5-6 acres per hour
72 inch zero turn 5.2-6.6 acres per hour
Recommended Landscaping Resources